Flow cytometry apoptosis assays are specialized techniques designed to detect and quantify programmed cell death, a vital process in maintaining cellular homeostasis and development. Apoptosis is characterized by distinct morphological and biochemical changes, including chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing, and the exposure of phosphatidylserine on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane.

These assays leverage specific markers that indicate various stages of apoptosis, allowing researchers to differentiate between live cells, early apoptotic cells, late apoptotic cells, and necrotic cells. The ability to monitor apoptosis is particularly important in cancer research, where the induction of apoptosis is a primary mechanism through which many therapies exert their effects.

Additionally, apoptosis assays contribute to our understanding of immune responses and the effects of environmental stressors on cell fate. By elucidating the dynamics of apoptosis within cell populations, these assays provide valuable insights into therapeutic strategies and the underlying mechanisms of various diseases.